Food sensitivities, intolerances and allergies: identifying triggers and healing your gut
Food reactions can cause ongoing discomfort, affecting digestion, immunity, and energy. Functional medicine takes a personalised approach to identify triggers and support gut healing for better tolerance and well-being.
Food allergy, intolerance and sensitivity testing and treatment
Are you looking for effective ways to identify and treat your food sensitivity, allergy or intolerance? The page covers:
At Melbourne Functional Medicine, we’ll work with you to identify your food sensitivities, allergies and intolerances so you know the foods you’re reacting to. Using our award winning approach to healthcare, we can help you reduce and in some cases eliminate your food reactions.
Food allergies, intolerances and sensitivities
Understanding food reactions
Our digestive and immune systems are constantly monitoring what enters our bodies, scanning for potential threats. Every time we eat, the immune system assesses the food for safety. Allergies and sensitivities arise when the immune system mistakenly identifies a food as harmful, triggering a defensive response. These reactions can vary from person to person and may change over time, becoming more or less sensitive.
In contrast, food intolerances do not involve the immune system. Instead, they typically result from a deficiency in the enzymes needed to break down certain foods.
Food allergies, intolerances and sensitivities
Understanding food reactions
Our digestive and immune systems are constantly monitoring what enters our bodies, scanning for potential threats. Every time we eat, the immune system assesses the food for safety. Allergies and sensitivities arise when the immune system mistakenly identifies a food as harmful, triggering a defensive response. These reactions can vary from person to person and may change over time, becoming more or less sensitive.
In contrast, food intolerances do not involve the immune system. Instead, they typically result from a deficiency in the enzymes needed to break down certain foods.
Food sensitivity testing and treatment
State-of-the-art testing alongside symptoms and a food diary can help determine the foods a person is reacting to. Comprehensive assessment involves looking at the types of food reactions to determine if a food reaction is an allergy, intolerance or sensitivity.
Our functional medicine practitioners with extensive experience in digestive health can help determine how to treat any underlying factors that might be causing the food reactions, with the aim of increasing the ability to tolerate more foods over time, where possible.
What is the difference between food allergies, intolerances and sensitivities?
Food allergy reactions can be divided into two main groups:
1. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions (allergies)
This is a true food allergy which involves an immune reaction by IgE antibodies. These reactions develop within minutes to an hour or so from ingestion. The immune system (via IgE) responds by triggering mast cells to break open and release histamine, which then triggers more mast cells to break open, creating a chain reaction that causes symptoms like hives, coughing, sneezing, and watery eyes or anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction requiring adrenaline (via an EpiPen) and emergency medical treatment. Susceptibility to allergies often runs in families.
Symptoms can appear anywhere on the body and can be very mild to severe and even life-threatening. Anaphylaxis is a type of allergic reaction where the throat swells, restricting breathing, rapid loss of blood pressure occurs and the person goes into shock and can die.
Almost any molecule can be an allergen however, the most common food allergies include:
- Peanuts
- Tree nuts
- Dairy
- Fish, shellfish and sea foods
- Soy
- Egg
2. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (food sensitivities)
These food reactions are also called non-IgE mediated food sensitivities, and can have a delay of 1.5 – 72 hours from the time of consumption to the time a symptom first appears, making these food allergens hard to identify. This type of food reaction involves the production of IgG antibodies and sometimes pro-inflammatory compounds, yet these reactions are not life threatening unlike allergies. An example of this is non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).
Food intolerances
A food intolerance is where uncomfortable digestive symptoms are a reaction to an ingested food or substance. This type of food reaction does not involve the immune system – it is often due to lack of an enzyme or chemical required to break it down. An example of this is lactose intolerance.
Food intolerance symptoms are much more common than allergies, are predominantly gastrointestinal and are often a delayed reaction.
Reduce your food sensitivity, food allergy and food intolerances, naturally
Symptoms and causes of food allergies, intolerances and sensitivities
Food reaction symptoms
Allergy symptoms
Food allergy symptoms can change throughout a person’s life, from no reaction to severe reaction. Some people never grow out of childhood allergies and some gather allergies as they age. Two people with the same allergy can have very different reactions, in both the symptoms and the severity.
Symptoms of allergic reactions may include:
Skin symptoms:
- Hives/urticaria – a rash, usually itchy that is raised, red and can form tiny blisters
- Angioedema – redness and swelling, often around the face, eyes, lips and mouth/throat
- Eczema/atopic dermatitis
- Psoriasis
Respiratory symptoms:
- Sneezing
- Difficulty breathing
- Asthma
Digestive symptoms:
- Diarrhoea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Flatulence – excessive and smelly
- Colic
- Abdominal pain
- Constipation (less common)
Other symptoms:
- Runny nose
- Rhinitis
- Sinusitis
- Fatigue
- Watery/itchy eyes
- Conjunctivitis
- Headaches
- Swelling of the larynx and throat
- Anaphylactic shock/anaphylaxis
- Low blood pressure
- Loss of consciousness
- Cardiac symptoms – rapid, or reduced heart rate
- Mood and behavioural changes
Food allergy symptoms tend to appear either immediately or within a few hours of exposure.
Food sensitivity symptoms
Symptoms of food sensitivities can be similar to allergies, and include:
- Skin rashes like hives and eczema
- Fatigue
- Brain fog and mood symptoms
- Digestive symptoms
- Achy joints
- Pain
- General weakness
Symptoms typically are delayed, generally occurring within a 72-hour period post-exposure to a food.
Whilst they are not immediately life-threatening, food sensitivity symptoms can be severe and lead to complications such as nutritional deficiencies, dysbiosis of the gut flora. They have been linked to the development of autoimmune conditions when not detected and treated. They can have a significant effect on quality of life and enjoyment of food.
Food intolerance symptoms
Food intolerance symptoms can include all of the above allergy symptoms, but are most commonly:
Digestive symptoms:
- Diarrhoea, can be loose stool right through to explosive watery diarrhoea, which can be smelly, frothy, or contain mucus
- Constipation
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Flatulence
- Colic
- Abdominal pain
Other symptoms:
- Difficulty breathing, wheezing, shortness of breath
- Asthma
- Headaches/migraine
- Brain fog
- Eczema and hives
- Joint pain
- Vertigo
What causes food allergies, intolerances and sensitivities?
Many triggers, or sometimes combinations of triggers cause the development of food sensitivities, food allergies and food intolerances. These can include:
- Genetic predisposition to (any) allergy – strongly associated with, but not limited to food allergy
- Asthma or eczema conditions in the family
- Seasonal hay fever
- Gut flora disruption, reduced number of species, or proliferation of damaging species
- Intestinal hyperpermeability (sometimes referred to as leaky gut)
- Medications
- Impaired gastric or pancreatic digestive secretions
- Slow motility (the transit time of food through the digestive system)
- Reduced or increased mucous secretion
- IgA antibody deficiency
- Tick bite – which can trigger the alpha-gal protein allergy from red meat and animal products, such as gelatin
- Frequently eaten foods
- Skin exposure – particularly broken/damaged skin to a repeated substance
- Workplace repeat exposure to a substance, e.g. latex, which often occurs with banana allergy
Food intolerances can also include any molecules as triggers, however, common intolerances are:
- Dairy – both lactose (a milk sugar) and casein (milk protein) can be allergens
- Wheat
- Yeast
- Egg
- Beans (Red Kidney)
- Corn
- Barley
- Pistachio
- Tomatoes
- Eggplant
- Bananas
- FODMAPs (fructose, oligosaccharides, polyols)
- Caffeine
- MSG – monosodium glutamate
- Salicylates and amines (molecules found commonly in foods)
- Sulphites and benzoates (often used as preservatives and in drinks)
Food intolerances can be related to the deficiency of particular enzymes and other molecules required for breakdown, such as:
- Lactose – lacking the enzyme lactase (dairy)
- Sucrose, galactose, fructose and pentose (all very rare)
- Trehalose – lacking trehalase enzyme (mushrooms)
- Amino acids – results in protein malnutrition (very rare)
- Fat – bile insufficiency
When left untreated, food intolerances have been linked with development of autoimmune diseases, rheumatic diseases and neurological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and cerebral ataxia. Therefore, identifying food reactions and addressing them can be essential for maintenance of long-term health.
Conventional treatment for food allergies, intolerance and sensitivity
Mostly, your GP will be concerned with an IgE-mediated allergy, or may need to differentiate from an autoimmune condition such as coeliac disease. Depending on the severity and type of food sensitivity, your GP may refer you for food sensitivity testing to identify your food triggers.
Food sensitivity testing used in Australia includes:
- Skin prick testing – to determine an IgE antibody reaction
- Blood tests
- Oral allergen challenge tests
- Patch tests
Permanent avoidance of the food allergen is likely to be the first recommendation, in addition to medications, which include:
- Antihistamines may be prescribed for less severe allergies
- Intranasal corticosteroid sprays (INCS)
- Combined INCS and antihistamine sprays
- Saltwater nasal sprays and rinses
- Adrenaline autoinjector(EpiPen) may be prescribed if there is any chance of anaphylaxis. In an emergency, adrenaline rapidly reverses the effects of anaphylaxis by reducing swelling of the throat, opening airways and maintaining blood pressure and heart function.
Immunotherapy – a process of desensitisation by administering small, gradually increasing doses of allergens over 3 to 5 years, may be administered.
If a non-IgE food intolerance is identified, your GP will recommend lifetime avoidance of that food.
Due to the inaccuracy of some food intolerance tests, conventional doctors can be over-cautious in the assessment of good quality naturopath food sensitivity testing and evidence-based functional food sensitivity testing.
This is why it is important to seek help from experienced food allergy and food intolerance functional medicine practitioners. Functional testing for food allergy and intolerance from state-of-the-art pathology labs, and experienced interpretation of those tests are important to effective treatment.
Food allergy, intolerance and sensitivity testing Melbourne
Food sensitivity testing and treatment by functional medicine practitioners may include a range of different tests to identify allergies, nutrient deficiencies, intolerances and digestive function including: microbiome species make up and diversity, inflammation, parasites, motility dysfunction (speed of transit of food), barrier integrity of the digestive lining, sugar intolerance testing. The results of these tests can inform practitioners on which other body systems may be involved and the best course of treatment.
At Melbourne Functional Medicine, our practitioners use state-of-the-art pathology labs, for the highest quality testing. Food sensitivity testing may include:
- Precision Point P88 Dietary Antigen Test – a comprehensive food test for IgG, and IgE reactions
- GI Map or, GI 360 – state-of-the-art microbiome testing to understand the microbiome environment and digestive function
- Other tests as required for your specific symptoms
- Food allergy testing is available for residents in Melbourne and Australia-wide.
Case study
See how our approach helps our patients achieve better health and richer lives.
Amy, 11, came to us with tiny bumps on her forehead, making her self-conscious at school. Her mother also noted unusual body odour for her age. Amy was constipated (bowel movements every second day), had tummy pain, and snored loudly. An ENT specialist recommended surgery for her enlarged adenoids. Family history revealed food sensitivities in her sister and father.
Read Amy’s story by hitting the button below
How to reverse food reactions naturally – the functional medicine approach
Functional medicine food sensitivity testing and treatment is holistic and personalised. Once testing has identified any food allergens, food intolerances or sensitivities then treatment strategies will include:
- Elimination of food triggers (at least in the short term)
- Specific dietary inclusions
- Restoration of mucosal linings of the digestive tract
- Improvement of barrier function where intestinal hyperpermeability is detected
- Reducing inflammation
- Reducing overactive histamine response and stabilising mast cells
- Modulating the immune reaction
- Improving gut flora species make-up and diversity
- Improving gut motility
- Ensuring healthy amounts of acid and gastric secretions for proper digestion
- Ensuring healthy micronutrient levels are achieved and maintained
Functional medicine is perfectly placed to treat food sensitivities, allergy and intolerances. All treatments use evidence-based methods to reduce reactivity, improve digestion and immune function, and it is delivered within a holistic and patient-centred framework. Treatment may include:
- Vitamin, mineral or other micronutrient supplementation, such as magnesium, Vitamin C, B vitamins, Vitamins A and D, Zinc, or N-acetyl cysteine
- Herbs for modulating and regulating immune function, such as Echinacea, Albizia lebbeck, Baical skullcap or Poke Root
- Herbs to improve digestive function such as Slippery Elm powder, Meadowsweet, Ginger, and Gentian
- Herbs to reduce inflammation such as Turmeric, Boswellia, Garlic, Fenugreek, Licorice and Calendula
In our supportive, personalised program, you’ll have the guidance of your practitioner and the support of your health coach to help you implement your treatment plan with ease and get the results you’re seeking. Find out more below.
Amy’s story
Amy was 11 years old when her mother brought her to see us. She had lots of tiny little bumps across her forehead and was becoming self-conscious about them at school. The other kids were starting to notice and comment on it. Her mother also mentioned that Amy had started developing noticeable body odour, which is unusual for a girl of her age.
Understanding the problem
Questioning revealed that Amy was constipated (moving her bowels every second day), had tummy pains, and snored very loudly. An ear, nose, and throat specialist had flagged the need for surgery to remove her enlarged adenoids. Amy’s family history was also relevant, as her sister and father had food sensitivities.
The global nature of her symptoms, combined with the family history, suggested that food sensitivities could be playing a role. Testing confirmed strong reactions to egg, dairy, and gluten.
Implementing the solution
Her practitioner developed a plan that focused on removing the offending foods – egg, dairy, and gluten – from Amy’s diet for three months while also addressing gut health. Amy’s health coach worked closely with her and her family to ensure the transition was smooth. They helped Amy understand her food sensitivities and guided her through eliminating the triggers, focusing on practical ways to adapt to her new diet. Her coach also supported Amy in exploring new food options and habits to replace the foods that were eliminated, making the process less overwhelming and more empowering for her.
In addition to removing the foods, the practitioner recommended a gut-repair protocol to reduce inflammation and restore gut integrity. Meanwhile, her health coach helped with the behavioural aspect of maintaining consistency in following the dietary changes and encouraging Amy to stick with the plan.
Achieving an incredible result
After three months, the results were remarkable. Amy’s body odour completely disappeared, her snoring stopped, and her bowel motions became regular. The rash on her forehead also cleared up. Most significantly, when the ear, nose, and throat specialist examined her again, her adenoids had returned to normal size. The specialist commented that he had never seen such large adenoids shrink back to normal size so rapidly.
Amy’s food sensitivities, as detected by IgG testing, caused a delayed, cumulative immune response that affected various parts of her body, especially her gut. By eliminating the trigger foods, reducing gut inflammation, and restoring gut health, her body was able to heal. The health coach’s role in supporting Amy and her family with the practical and behavioural aspects of the treatment plan was key to the success of this journey.
Ready for a personalised, natural functional medicine treatment?
Our unique model of care was designed with you in mind. Find out how, then book a call today
Frequently
Asked
Questions
Are food allergies autoimmune?
Food allergies are not autoimmune conditions. They involve an IgE antibody reaction, where the immune system mistakenly treats a certain food as dangerous and reacts against it.
By contrast, in an autoimmune condition, the immune system misidentifies and attacks the body’s own tissues.
There is some emerging evidence that untreated food reactions may increase the risk of developing autoimmune conditions in people with a genetic predisposition.
Can food allergies cause behaviour problems?
Yes, food allergies can sometimes affect behaviour by disrupting neurotransmitter production – the chemicals that regulate mood and brain function.
When these become imbalanced, symptoms may include:
- Anxiety or depression
- Irritability or anger
- Hyperactivity
- Social withdrawal
These effects are often more noticeable in children but can occur at any age. Identifying and addressing food allergies through personalised assessment can help restore balance and improve behavioural symptoms.
Can food intolerances be reversed?
In some cases, yes – depending on the cause and severity of the intolerance.
- Enzyme deficiency: For example, lactose intolerance occurs when the body lacks the enzyme lactase. Taking a lactase supplement can help manage symptoms, though it does not reverse the intolerance
- Gut-related causes: If intolerances stem from issues like gut flora imbalances, intestinal hyperpermeability, or other digestive conditions, repairing these may lead to a reduction or even reversal of food sensitivities
Working with a functional medicine practitioner can help identify the root cause through testing and create a natural treatment plan to support long-term improvement.
Can food sensitivities cause weight gain?
Yes – food sensitivities can disrupt digestion, gut flora, and metabolism, which may lead to weight gain (or, in some cases, weight loss).
- Maldigestion can impair nutrient absorption and satiety signals
- Microbiome disruption can alter energy extraction and appetite regulation
- Chronic, low-grade inflammation may change how the body stores and uses energy
A functional medicine practitioner can help determine whether you’re dealing with a food intolerance, sensitivity, or allergy, identify root causes (e.g., gut dysbiosis or intestinal permeability), and create a personalised plan to restore balance and support a healthy weight.
Can menopause cause food intolerance?
Yes – hormonal changes during peri-menopause and menopause can contribute to new or worsening food sensitivities.
- Oestrogen & histamine: Oestrogen stimulates histamine release from immune mast cells. When oestrogen fluctuates or drops, histamine-related food reactions may increase
- Progesterone decline: Progesterone normally has a calming effect on inflammation. Its depletion removes this protective buffer
- Post-menopause: With little oestrogen and no progesterone, food intolerances can become more noticeable
- Stress factor: Life changes and higher stress during this stage can also disrupt digestion, further contributing to sensitivities
Working with a functional medicine practitioner can help identify which foods are driving symptoms, assess gut health, and create a personalised strategy for relief.
What component of food is responsible for an allergic reaction?
Most food allergies are triggered by proteins, as the immune system mistakes them for harmful invaders and produces antibodies (IgE) in response.
However, allergic reactions are not limited to proteins – in rare cases, other molecules can provoke an immune response. While uncommon (such as reported reactions to water or sunlight), any food component has the potential to trigger an allergy in susceptible individuals.
Are food intolerances hereditary?
Food allergies and intolerances often run in families, though the mechanisms differ.
- Food allergies are inherited through immune system tendencies, making some people more likely to react to certain foods
- Food intolerances may be linked to inherited digestive traits. For example, lactose intolerance occurs when the body does not produce enough of the lactase enzyme needed to break down milk sugar
- Family history of digestive or autoimmune conditions (e.g., IBS or IBD) can also increase susceptibility to developing food sensitivities
While heredity plays a role, environment, diet, and gut health are equally important in determining whether intolerances actually develop.
Is there food allergy testing in Melbourne?
Yes – food allergy and intolerance testing is available in Melbourne through our functional medicine clinic.
At Melbourne Functional Medicine, we provide:
- Food allergy testing
- Food intolerance testing
- Food sensitivity testing
These can be arranged using a range of trusted labs and convenient at-home test kits, giving you access to accurate results wherever you are in Melbourne or across Australia.
Can’t find what you’re looking for? Reach out to the team directly – we’ll be happy to assist.
